Assignment 16: Research

I like this one because of all the colors it uses to get your attention. 












I like this one because I like how the artist used the colors to make it  stand out. I also like this one because of how detailed it is.

I like this one because it almost looks like a road map. I like how the artist used all the graphics to come together. 

The Linotype Machine l 1886 AD

Shole's Typewriter.

Who is credited with the invention of the typewriter? Christopher Sholes.

What is a "stenographer"? The action or process of writing in shorthand or taking direction.


Post an example of Shole's typewriter.


Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane? To test it.

After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine? To make one that would bridge the gap between the typewriter and the printed page.

Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine? Ottmar Mergenthaler.

What is meant by "typesetting"? To arrange or generate the type for a piece of text to be printed.

Linotype Machine.

Post an example of Linotype Machine. 


How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter? It allowed type to be set mechanically rather than by hand.

How did this machine change the newspaper industry? It made it possible for a small number of operators to set type for more pages on a daily basis.

Linotype Keyboard.

Post an example of a Linotype keyboard.

Linotype Slug.

 

How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today? There was no shift key. 


Post an example of a Linotype slug.


What is a slug? A machine assembled matrices, or molds for the letter forms.

A person working on the
Linotype Machine.

Post an example of a person operating a Linotype Machine.


Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type? 

The Gutenberg Press l 1450 AD

Gutenberg Press.

What is Johannes Gutenberg credited with? Inventing the technology of printing wit movable type.


Post a photo of the Gutenberg Press.


How did the printing press work? Ink was rolled over the raised surface of movable hand-set black letters held within a wooden from. Form was pressed against a sheet of paper.

What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books? He didn't like how expensive they were.

Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type? Because they would spilt in the press.

Movable Type.

Post an example of movable type in a type case. 


What is movable type? The system of printing that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document.

What is a matrix? A hard metal punch is hammered into a softer copper bar.

What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press? An oil-based ink.

What is paper made from? Wood pulp. Where did paper originate? In China.

What is a "substrate"? 
Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? Yohan Fust. Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened? Fust would get the printing press, tools and materials.

The Bible.

What was the first book he printed? The Bible. Post an example of this book. 

How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication? Perfected script and made it easier to read, books were made rapidly, current information could be shared locally and around the world, coast of books decreased allowing more people to buy them, the demand grew and the population become literate, people wanted books written in their own language and a greater variety of books, book trade began to flourish as well as industries such as paper making, economies, art and science began to flourish which led to the beginning of the Renaissance.

Who introduced the printing press to England? William Caxton.

What was the early form of newspapers? Trade newsletters.

When was the first news weekly published? 1704. What was it called? The Boston Letter.

What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s? A steam powered rotary press.

1930s Printing Press.

Post an example of a 1930s printing press. 



By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"? The number of printings made at different times from the same set of type.

Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Intaglio or printmaking.

Screen Printing Press.

Briefly describe the process? Ink is applied, then rubbed with a cloth to remove to excess. Damp paper is placed on top. A press applies pressure to transfer the ink to the paper.

Intaglio Press.

Post an example of an intaglio press. 


What is intaglio printing and how is ink transferred? In the form os intaglio printing called etching, the plate is covered in a resin ground or an acid-resistant was material. Ink is applied to the surface by wiping and/or dabbing the plate to push the ink into the bitten grooves.


Post an example of a screen (porous) printing press.


What is porous printing and how is ink transferred? Its basic stencil process. Ink is forced through open mesh areas.

Lithography Printing Press.

Post an example of a lithography printing press.


What is lithography and how is ink transferred? Drawing, or artwork, is made on the plate with greasy ink or crayon. Ink is applied. Ink is spread on top.


Post an example of a offset lithography printing press.

What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today? Offset Lithography.

How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press? 

Describe four-color process printing using CMYK?

Illuminated Manuscripts

 
I really like this one because I like how the designer made the A really huge in comparison to the rest of the design.

I really like this one because I love the design around the text. It catches your attention faster. 

I love this one because of the design around the text. It compliments the text very well. 

Illuminated Manuscripts

 
I really like this one because I like how the designer made the A really huge in comparison to the rest of the design.

I really like this one because I love the design around the text. It catches your attention faster. 

I love this one because of the design around the text. It compliments the text very well. 







































I like this one because of the design around the text. It immediately catches your eye when you look at it.